I-Aluminium iyinani eliphakeme elinqunyelwe kamuva nje lezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa yinkampani esezingeni eliphezulu ngamanani amakhulu.Ezaziwa ngokuthi “i-alumina,” izinhlanganisela ze-aluminium zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imithi eGibhithe lasendulo futhi kusethwe odayi bendwangu esikhathini esithile seNkathi Ephakathi.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, ososayensi basola ukuthi lezo zinhlanganisela ziqukethe i-metallic, futhi ngo-1807, usokhemisi waseNgilandi uSir Humphry Davy wazama ukuyihlukanisa.Nakuba imizamo yakhe ibhuntshile, uDavy ukuqinisekisile ukuthi i-alumina inesisekelo sensimbi, aqale ayazi ngokuthi “i-alumium.”UDavy kamuva washintsha lokhu kwaba “i-aluminium,” futhi, njengoba nje ososayensi emazweni amaningi bebiza igama elithi “aluminium,” abantu abaningi baseMelika basebenzisa isipelingi sikaDavy esibuyekeziwe.
Ngo-1825, usokhemisi waseDenmark ogama lakhe linguHans Christian Ørsted wahlukanisa i-aluminium eyedwa ngokuphumelelayo, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili, isazi sefiziksi okuthiwa uFriedrich Wohler waseJalimane sashintsha saba nekhono lokudala izinhlayiya ezinkulu zensimbi;Nokho, imfucumfucu kaWohler ibilokhu ilingana nobukhulu bamaphinikhodi.
Ngo-1854 u-Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, usosayensi ongumFulentshi, wasebenzisa indlela ka-Wohler eyanele ukwakha izigaxa ze-aluminium ezinkulu njengamamabula.Inqubo ka-Deville yanikeza isisekelo semboni ye-aluminium esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi amabha ayinhloko e-aluminium ayenziwe aboniswa ngo-1855 ku-Paris Exposition.
Kulesi simo, inani eleqile lokuhlukanisa insimbi esanda kutholwa livimbezele ukuhweba kwayo.Kodwa-ke, ngo-1866 ososayensi abaqhuba ngamunye ngamunye e-United States naseFrance ngasikhathi sinye bathuthukisa lokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-Hall-Héroult yokuhlukanisa i-alumina kumoya-mpilo ngosizo lokusebenzisa usuku lwamanje lukagesi.Ngenkathi u-Charles Hall no-Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult ngamunye benegunya lobunikazi abakutholile, eMelika naseFrance ngokulandelana, u-Hall waba ngowokuqala ukuqonda umthamo wezezimali wendlela yakhe yokuhlanza.
Ngo-1888 yena nabangane bakhe abambalwa basungula i-Pittsburgh Reduction Company, eyakhiqiza ama-ingots okuqala e-aluminium ezinyangeni ezingu-12.Esebenzisa ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ukuze anikeze amandla imboni entsha yokuguqula eseduze neziMpophoma zaseNiagara futhi edlulisela isidingo esikhulayo sokuhweba se-aluminium, umqashi kaHholo—oqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi i-Aluminium Company of America (Alcoa) ngo-1907—wachuma.U-Héroult kamuva wafaka i-Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft eSwitzerland.Ngokukhuthazwa ngosizo lwesicelo esikhulayo se-aluminium phakathi neMpi Yezwe I neyesi-II, izindawo eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe ezinezimboni zaqala ukuhlinzeka nge-aluminium yazo yomuntu siqu.
Ngo-1903, iFrance ibe yizwe lokuqala ukukhiqiza ucwecwe lwe-aluminium ehlanzekile.I-United States yalandela okufanayo eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokuqala komkhiqizo omusha amabhande omlenze ukuthola amajuba agijimayo.Ucwecwe lwe-aluminum lwaphenduka lwaba ngokushesha olusetshenziselwa imigqomo nokupakisha, futhi iMpi Yezwe II yawusheshisa lo mkhuba, yamisa ucwecwe lwe-aluminium njengendwangu enkulu yokupakisha.
Kuze kube yiMpi Yezwe II, i-Alcoa yahlala ingukuphela komkhiqizi waseMelika we-aluminium ehlanzekile, kodwa namuhla kunabakhiqizi abayisikhombisa ababalulekile be-aluminium foil ababekwe ngaphakathi kwe-United States.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-08-2022